What are the four things needed to connect to the Internet?

What are the four things needed to connect to the Internet?

• Monitor, keyboard, mouse, modem
• Telephone line, PDA, modem and computer
• Modem, computer, PDA and ISP
• Telephone line, modem, computer, and an ISP 

EXPLANATION

The four required items to connect to the Internet are a computer, a modem, an Internet service provider and a web browser. Devices other than a computer can be used to access the Internet as well.
In order to connect to the Internet you have to have access, which is gained through an Internet service provider. Once access is granted, the computer connects to the Internet through a device called a modem that is often provided by the ISP. When the modem is running, a computer can be connected to the Internet via a web browser. As of 2015, popular browsers include Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome and Internet Explorer. The Internet can also be accessed with smartphones, tablets and other devices that allow web access.

 

Read More

What do you get when you multiple 10 megabytes by 100 megabits (10MB x 100Mb = )?

What do you get when you multiple 10 megabytes by 100 megabits (10MB x 100Mb = )?

• 10 GB
• 8 Gb
• 800 MB
• 100 MB 

EXPLANATION

Megabytes vs Bytes

100*8= 800

 10*1024= 10240

800*10240= 8192000/1024 = 800

Megabytes (MB)	Bytes (B)
106 bytes (base 10)	100 bytes (base 10)
10002 bytes	10000 bytes
1,000,000 bytes	1 bytes
220 bytes (base 2)	20 bytes (base 2)
1,048,576 bytes	1 bytes
1,000,000 × 8 bits	1 × 8 bits
8,000,000 bits	8 bits

 

Read More

What was the first Windows Operating system to be offered on CD-ROM?

What was the first Windows Operating system to be offered on CD-ROM?

• Windows 3.11
• Windows 3.1
• Windows 95
• Windows 98 

EXPLANATION

 Windows 3.0, released in May 1990, improved capabilities given to native applications. It also allowed users to better multitask older MS-DOS based software compared to Windows/386, thanks to the introduction of virtual memory.

Windows 3.0's user interface finally resembled a serious competitor to the user interface of the Macintosh computer. PCs had improved graphics by this time, due to VGA video cards, and the protected/enhanced mode allowed Windows applications to use more memory in a more painless manner than their DOS counterparts could. Windows 3.0 could run in real, standard, or 386 enhanced modes, and was compatible with any Intel processor from the 8086/8088 up to the 80286 and 80386. This was the first version to run Windows programs in protected mode, although the 386 enhanced mode kernel was an enhanced version of the protected mode kernel in Windows/386.
Windows 3.0 received two updates. A few months after introduction, Windows 3.0a was released as a maintenance release, resolving bugs and improving stability. A "multimedia" version, Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 1.0, was released in October 1991. This was bundled with "multimedia upgrade kits", comprising a CD-ROM drive and a sound card, such as the Creative Labs Sound Blaster Pro. This version was the precursor to the multimedia features available in Windows 3.1 (first released in April 1992) and later, and was part of Microsoft's specification for the Multimedia PC.
The features listed above and growing market support from application software developers made Windows 3.0 wildly successful, selling around 10 million copies in the two years before the release of version 3.1. Windows 3.0 became a major source of income for Microsoft, and led the company to revise some of its earlier plans. Support was discontinued on December 31, 2001.^[12]

Windows 3.1 was available via 720 KB, 1.2 MB, and 1.44 MB floppy distributions. It was also the first version of Windows to be distributed on CD-ROM — although this was more common for Windows for Workgroups 3.11, which typically came with MS-DOS 6.22 on one CD. Installed size on the hard disk was between 10 MB and 15 MB. 

Read More

Who co-founded Microsoft with Bill Gates?

Who co-founded Microsoft with Bill Gates?

• Steve Wozniak
• Steve Jobs
• Ken Olsen
• Paul Allen 

EXPLANATION

Paul Gardner Allen is an American business magnate, investor and philanthropist. He co-founded Microsoft alongside Bill Gates. In June 2017, he was estimated to be the 46th-richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of $21.1 billion.

Read More

TCP is a protocol in which OSI layer?

TCP is a protocol in which OSI layer?

• Layer 3
• Layer 4
• Layer 2
• Layer 1 

Layers of OSI model:

Physical layer

The Physical layer is also called as the Layer 1. Here are the basic functionalities of the Physical layer:

• Responsible for electrical signals, light signal, radio signals etc.
• Hardware layer of the OSI layer
• Devices like repeater, hub, cables, ethernet work on this layer
• Protocols like RS232, ATM, FDDI, Ethernet work on this layer

Data Link layer

The data link layer is also called as the Layer 2 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the data link layer:

• Responsible for encoding and decoding of the electrical signals into bits.
• Manages data errors from the physical layer
• Convers electrical signals into frames
• The data link layer is divided into two sub-layers
  • The Media Access Control (MAC) layer
  • Logical Link Control (LLC) layer.
• The MAC sublayer controls how a computer on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it.
• The LLC layer controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking.
• MAC address is a part of the layer 2.
• Devices like Switch work at this layer

Network Layer

The Network layer is also called as the layer 3 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the network layer:

• Switching and routing technologies work here
• Creates logical paths between two hosts across the world wide web called as virtual circuits
• Routes the data packet to destination
• Routing and forwarding of the data packets.
• Internetworking, error handling, congestion control and packet sequencing work at this layer
• Router works at layer three
• Different network protocols like TCP/ IP, IPX, AppleTalk work at this layer

Transport layer

The Transport  layer is also called as the layer 4 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the Transport layer:

• Responsible for the transparent transfer of data between end systems
• Responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control
• Responsible for complete data transfer.
• Protocols like SPX, TCP, UDP work here

Session layer

The Session  layer is also called as the layer 5 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the Session layer:

• Responsible for establishment, management and termination of connections between applications.
• The session layer sets up, coordinates, and terminates conversations, exchanges, and dialogues between the applications at each end.
• It deals with session and connection coordination.
• Protocols like NFS, NetBios names, RPC, SQL work at this layer.

Presentation layer

The Presentation layer is also called as the layer 6 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the presentation layer:

• Responsible for data representation on your screen
• Encryption and decryption of the data
• Data semantics and syntax
• Layer 6 Presentation examples include encryption, ASCII, EBCDIC, TIFF, GIF, PICT, JPEG, MPEG, MIDI.

Application Layer

The Application layer is also called as the layer 7 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the Application layer:

• Application layer supports application, apps, and end-user processes.
• Quality of service
• This layer is responsible for application services for file transfers, e-mail, and other network software services.
• Protocols like Telnet, FTP, HTTP work on this layer.

Read More