The basis of internet is?

The basis of internet is?

• TPC.PI
• PCT/IP.
• IP/ITC.
• TCP/IP. 

EXPLANATION

1. DEFINITION • A communication system that connect computers and computer networks all over the world . It helps us to surf information on various topics, play online games, etc.
2.  Internet is interconnection of large number of heterogeneous computer networks all over the world that can share information back and forth. These interconnected network exchange information by using same standards and protocols • It allows people to send and receive data wherever they are in the world if they have internet access
3. TYPES OF NETWORK • There are three main types of network: • LAN (local area network) • MAN (metropolitan area network) • WAN (wide area network)
4. USES OF INTERNET 1) Communication 2) Job searches 3) Bussiness use of internet 4) Travel 5) Health and medicine 6) Online booking . 7) Social networking. 8) Online shopping. 9) Video conferencing. 10) Stock markey updates 11) Games and songs 12)Easy access to information.
5. Communication • It is used for sending and receiving message from one and other through internet by using electronic mail. Some of the web sites providing this service are yahoomail.com Hotmail.com rediffmail.com etc
6.   Job searches Getting information regarding availability of job in different sectors and areas. You can publish your resume in online for prospective job. Some of the web sites providing this service are naukri.com, monster.com, summerjob.com, recuritmentindia.com etc.
7.   Business use of internet• Different ways by which intenet can be used for business are: • • Information about the product can be provided online to the the customer . • • Provide market information to the business • • It help business to recruit talented people • Some examples: www.cleverbusinesswebsites.co.uk • https://www.godaddy.com
8.   Traveling • One can use internet to gather information about various tourist place . it can be used for booking Holiday tours , hotels, train and flights. Some of the web sites providing this service are: indiatravelog.com, rajtravel.com, makemytrip.com.
9.   Health and medicine: • Internet provide information and knowledge about field of health medicine people can have information about various disease and can receive help .patient can be taken to virtual check room where they can meet doctors. Some of the web sites providing this service are: www.indianhealthcenter.org, www.uwmedicine.org/
10.   ONLINE BOOKING • We can book movie tickets, sports tickets online. We can book railway tickets, Airlines, hotels, bus tickets and much more through internet.For exmple-bookmyshow.com, www.kyazoonga.com
11.   SOCIAL NETWORKING  Social networking websites function like an online community of internet users. Depending on the website in question, many of these online community members share common interests in hobbies, religion, politics and alternative lifestyles.   Some common sites are facebook, twitter, flickr, my space and YouTube.
12.   ONLINE SHOPPING • We can buy mobiles, books, digital cameras, gifts, fashion jewellery, computers, laptops, watches and other products at best price. • Some common websites are : flipkart.com, letsbuy.com, indiaplaza.com etc.
13.   VIDEO CONFERENCING Web conferencing refers to a service that allows conferencing events to be shared with remote locations. In general the service is made possible by Internet technologies, particularly on TCP/IP connections. It offers information of text-based messages, voice and video chat to be shared simultaneously, across geographically dispersed locations. For example- www.lifesize.com/
14.   Stock market updates • You can sell or buy shares while sitting on computer through internet. Several websites like ndtvprofit.com, moneypore.com, provide information regarding investment
15.   GAMES AND SONGS • We can play online games on internet. • We can listen any music, watch movies and download it from different web stores. • Such as, utorrent, songs.pk and beemp3 etc.
16.   Easy to access information Through internet we can collect information on any topic. Any information is easily available on the internet .for example – google,wikipedia,y ahoo,bingetc
17.   Some other uses are : • Finding books and study material • On-line Journals,Magazines,Enclopedia and Dictionary. • Software sharring. For example- techlanda.com

 

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The default Time-To-Live (TTL) value for IP packets differs based on operating system. What is the default TTL value in Windows?

The default Time-To-Live (TTL) value for IP packets differs based on operating system. What is the default TTL value in Windows?

• 128
• 255
• 32
• 64

EXPLANATION

You can find your own TTL value from your self.

RUN->CMD->ping 127.0.0.1

C:\>ping 127.0.0.1

Pinging 127.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128
Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=128

Ping statistics for 127.0.0.1:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

C:\>

As you can see from the output, you got the TTL value. Since this website is hosted on a Red Hat system, it returned 57 which is close to 64 (TTL default value of Linux system). So, from this we can understand the OS of the remote system. Here are the default TTL values of different devices / Operating Systems :

Device / OS	Version	Protocol	TTL
AIX		TCP	60
AIX		UDP	30
AIX	3.2, 4.1	ICMP	255
BSDI	BSD/OS 3.1 and 4.0	ICMP	255
Compa	Tru64 v5.0	ICMP	64
Cisco		ICMP	254
DEC Pathworks	V5	TCP and UDP	30
Foundry		ICMP	64
FreeBSD	2.1R	TCP and UDP	64
FreeBSD	3.4, 4.0	ICMP	255
FreeBSD	5	ICMP	64
HP-UX	9.0x	TCP and UDP	30
HP-UX	10.01	TCP and UDP	64
HP-UX	10.2	ICMP	255
HP-UX	11	ICMP	255
HP-UX	11	TCP	64
Irix	5.3	TCP and UDP	60
Irix	6.x	TCP and UDP	60
Irix	6.5.3, 6.5.8	ICMP	255
juniper		ICMP	64
MPE/IX (HP)		ICMP	200
Linux	2.0.x kernel	ICMP	64
Linux	2.2.14 kernel	ICMP	255
Linux	2.4 kernel	ICMP	255
Linux	Red Hat 9	ICMP and TCP	64
MacOS/MacTCP	2.0.x	TCP and UDP	60
MacOS/MacTCP	X (10.5.6)	ICMP/TCP/UDP	64
NetBSD		ICMP	255
Netgear FVG318		ICMP and UDP	64
OpenBSD	2.6 & 2.7	ICMP	255
OpenVMS	07.01.2002	ICMP	255
OS/2	TCP/IP 3.0		64
OSF/1	V3.2A	TCP	60
OSF/1	V3.2A	UDP	30
Solaris	2.5.1, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8	ICMP	255
Solaris	2.8	TCP	64
Stratus	TCP_OS	ICMP	255
Stratus	TCP_OS (14.2-)	TCP and UDP	30
Stratus	TCP_OS (14.3+)	TCP and UDP	64
Stratus	STCP	ICMP/TCP/UDP	60
SunOS	4.1.3/4.1.4	TCP and UDP	60
SunOS	5.7	ICMP and TCP	255
Ultrix	V4.1/V4.2A	TCP	60
Ultrix	V4.1/V4.2A	UDP	30
Ultrix	V4.2 – 4.5	ICMP	255
VMS/Multinet		TCP and UDP	64
VMS/TCPware		TCP	60
VMS/TCPware		UDP	64
VMS/Wollongong	1.1.1.1	TCP	128
VMS/Wollongong	1.1.1.1	UDP	30
VMS/UCX		TCP and UDP	128
Windows	for Workgroups	TCP and UDP	32
Windows	95	TCP and UDP	32
Windows	98	ICMP	32
Windows	98, 98 SE	ICMP	128
Windows	98	TCP	128
Windows	NT 3.51	TCP and UDP	32
Windows	NT 4.0	TCP and UDP	128
Windows	NT 4.0 SP5-		32
Windows	NT 4.0 SP6+		128
Windows	NT 4 WRKS SP 3, SP 6a	ICMP	128
Windows	NT 4 Server SP4	ICMP	128
Windows	ME	ICMP	128
Windows	2000 pro	ICMP/TCP/UDP	128
Windows	2000 family	ICMP	128
Windows	Server 2003		128
Windows	XP	ICMP/TCP/UDP	128
Windows	Vista	ICMP/TCP/UDP	128
Windows	7	ICMP/TCP/UDP	128
Windows	Server 2008	ICMP/TCP/UDP	128
Windows	10	ICMP/TCP/UDP	128

I will update this table in the future when there’s a release of new important OS whenever I get the time. You can get the short version of default TTL values by this table :

Device / OS	TTL
*nix (Linux/Unix)	64
Windows	128
Solaris/AIX	254

 

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What is the correct syntax to run a error fixing check disk in a command prompt?

What is the correct syntax to run a error fixing check disk in a command prompt?

• chkdsk /f
• cd
• ipconfig
• dir 

EXPLANATION

 The cd command, also known as chdir, is a command-line OS shell command used to change the current working directory in operating systems such as Unix, DOS, OS/2, AmigaOS, Windows, and Linux. It is also available for use in shell scripts and batch files. The system call that affects the command in most operating systems is chdir that is defined by POSIX.

In computing, ipconfig in Microsoft Windows is a console application that displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and can modify Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol and Domain Name System settings.

In computing, dir is a command used for file and directory listing, specifically in the command line interface of the operating systems CP/M, DOS, OS/2, Singularity, Microsoft Windows and in the DCL command line interface used on VMS, RT-11 and RSX-11. The command is also supplied with OS/8 as a CUSP. 

Checks the file system and file system metadata of a volume for logical and physical errors. If used without parameters, chkdsk displays only the status of the volume and does not fix any errors. If used with the /f, /r, /x, or /b parameters, it fixes errors on the volume.

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What is the range of well known ports assigned to common protocols and services

What is the range of well known ports assigned to common protocols and services

• 0-49151
• 1-1023
• 0-49152
• 0-1023 

EXPLANATION

logical connections, provided by the TCP or UDP protocols at the Transport layer, for use by protocols in the upper layers of the OSI model.
 
logical connections, provided by the TCP or UDP protocols at the Transport layer, for use by protocols in the upper layers of the OSI model.

Well Known ports range from 0 to 1023 and are assigned to common protocols and services.

 

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What is the MS-DOS (CMD Prompt) command that enables a user to change the title of their MS-DOS (CMD Prompt) window?

What is the MS-DOS (CMD Prompt) command that enables a user to change the title of their MS-DOS (CMD Prompt) window?

• winid
• set title
• topbar
• title 

EXPLANATION

Launch Command Prompt and type the following command title [name]. This will change your title name instantly,
but you will have to type this each time you launch it.

SOURCE

https://www.addictivetips.com/windows-tips/how-to-change-name-in-the-title-bar-of-command-prompt/

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What is the maximum speed 802.11ac standard can transfer at?

What is the maximum speed 802.11ac standard can transfer at?

• 1.3Gbps
• 0.45Gbps
• 6Gbps
• 450Mbps 

EXPLANATION

802.11ac is the latest generation of IEEE standards. 802.11ac has improved on the previous standards regarding bandwidth. 802.11ac used dual-band wireless technology.

It can support connections using the 5GHz frequency band. 802.11ac supports a maximum speed of 1.3 Gbps when using three streams. This is the first specification have reached the 1 Gb mark and is also called the Gigabit Wi-Fi.

Pros of 802.11ac

1. Supports data transfer rate of 1.3 Gbps
2. Backward compatibility with 802.11b/g/n
3. Highly beneficial in a network with a large number of users.

 

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What is the importance of 12/31/1969 to the IT world?

What is the importance of 12/31/1969 to the IT world?

• New Years Eve
• The first release of Windows 1.0 was shipped
• The Beginning of That 70s Show
• The beginning date of Unix and where it starts counting time from 

EXPLANATION

 Linux is following the tradition set by Unix of counting time in seconds since its official "birthday," -- called "epoch" in computing terms -- which is Jan. 1, 1970.

A more complete explanation can be found in this Wired News article. It explains that the early Unix engineers picked that date arbitrarily, because they needed to set a uniform date for the start of time, and New Year's Day, 1970, seemed most convenient.

 The Unix epoch is midnight on January 1, 1970. It's important to remember that this isn't Unix's "birthday" -- rough versions of the operating system were around in the 1960s. Instead, the date was programmed into the system sometime in the early '70s only because it was convenient to do so, according to Dennis Ritchie, one of the engineers who worked on Unix at Bell Labs at its inception.

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