What is Star Topology?
A star topology is a network topology
in which all the network nodes are individually connected to a central
switch, hub or computer which acts as a central point of communication
to pass on the messages.
In a star topology, there are different
nodes called hosts and there is a central point of communication called
server or hub. Each host or computer is individually connected to the
central hub. We can also term the server as the root and peripheral
hosts as the leaves.
In this topology, if nodes want to
communicate with a central node, then they pass on the message to the
central server and the central server forwards their messages to the
different nodes. Thus, they form a topology like the representation of a
star.
How does communication happen in a Star topology?
Let’s
say all the computers of a floor are connected to a common hub or
switch. The switch maintains a CAM table in this case. The CAM table is
Content Addressable Memory where hardware addresses of the all the connected devices are stored inside a memory in the switch.
For
example, if computer A wants to send a data packet to computer B then
computer A will forward the message to the switch. The switch will check
the address of the destination computer and forward the message to the
same.
In the case of a hub, a hub has no memory of its own. So when computer A sends a message to computer B, then hub announces
“Hello all the ports connected to me, I have got a packet for this address. Who of you has this address?” This procedure is called
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) and
using this network protocol the hub is able to find the address of the
intended machine and hence, it transfers the packet to the destination
machine.
Advantages of Star Topology:
- Less damage in case of a single computer failure as it does not affect the entire network
Disadvantages of Star topology:
- More cables are required to be connected because each computer individually connects to the central server
- Single point of failure in case the server get down.