What was the first Windows Operating system to be offered on CD-ROM?

What was the first Windows Operating system to be offered on CD-ROM?

• Windows 3.11
• Windows 3.1
• Windows 95
• Windows 98 

EXPLANATION

 Windows 3.0, released in May 1990, improved capabilities given to native applications. It also allowed users to better multitask older MS-DOS based software compared to Windows/386, thanks to the introduction of virtual memory.

Windows 3.0's user interface finally resembled a serious competitor to the user interface of the Macintosh computer. PCs had improved graphics by this time, due to VGA video cards, and the protected/enhanced mode allowed Windows applications to use more memory in a more painless manner than their DOS counterparts could. Windows 3.0 could run in real, standard, or 386 enhanced modes, and was compatible with any Intel processor from the 8086/8088 up to the 80286 and 80386. This was the first version to run Windows programs in protected mode, although the 386 enhanced mode kernel was an enhanced version of the protected mode kernel in Windows/386.
Windows 3.0 received two updates. A few months after introduction, Windows 3.0a was released as a maintenance release, resolving bugs and improving stability. A "multimedia" version, Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 1.0, was released in October 1991. This was bundled with "multimedia upgrade kits", comprising a CD-ROM drive and a sound card, such as the Creative Labs Sound Blaster Pro. This version was the precursor to the multimedia features available in Windows 3.1 (first released in April 1992) and later, and was part of Microsoft's specification for the Multimedia PC.
The features listed above and growing market support from application software developers made Windows 3.0 wildly successful, selling around 10 million copies in the two years before the release of version 3.1. Windows 3.0 became a major source of income for Microsoft, and led the company to revise some of its earlier plans. Support was discontinued on December 31, 2001.^[12]

Windows 3.1 was available via 720 KB, 1.2 MB, and 1.44 MB floppy distributions. It was also the first version of Windows to be distributed on CD-ROM — although this was more common for Windows for Workgroups 3.11, which typically came with MS-DOS 6.22 on one CD. Installed size on the hard disk was between 10 MB and 15 MB. 

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Who co-founded Microsoft with Bill Gates?

Who co-founded Microsoft with Bill Gates?

• Steve Wozniak
• Steve Jobs
• Ken Olsen
• Paul Allen 

EXPLANATION

Paul Gardner Allen is an American business magnate, investor and philanthropist. He co-founded Microsoft alongside Bill Gates. In June 2017, he was estimated to be the 46th-richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of $21.1 billion.

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TCP is a protocol in which OSI layer?

TCP is a protocol in which OSI layer?

• Layer 3
• Layer 4
• Layer 2
• Layer 1 

Layers of OSI model:

Physical layer

The Physical layer is also called as the Layer 1. Here are the basic functionalities of the Physical layer:

• Responsible for electrical signals, light signal, radio signals etc.
• Hardware layer of the OSI layer
• Devices like repeater, hub, cables, ethernet work on this layer
• Protocols like RS232, ATM, FDDI, Ethernet work on this layer

Data Link layer

The data link layer is also called as the Layer 2 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the data link layer:

• Responsible for encoding and decoding of the electrical signals into bits.
• Manages data errors from the physical layer
• Convers electrical signals into frames
• The data link layer is divided into two sub-layers
  • The Media Access Control (MAC) layer
  • Logical Link Control (LLC) layer.
• The MAC sublayer controls how a computer on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it.
• The LLC layer controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking.
• MAC address is a part of the layer 2.
• Devices like Switch work at this layer

Network Layer

The Network layer is also called as the layer 3 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the network layer:

• Switching and routing technologies work here
• Creates logical paths between two hosts across the world wide web called as virtual circuits
• Routes the data packet to destination
• Routing and forwarding of the data packets.
• Internetworking, error handling, congestion control and packet sequencing work at this layer
• Router works at layer three
• Different network protocols like TCP/ IP, IPX, AppleTalk work at this layer

Transport layer

The Transport  layer is also called as the layer 4 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the Transport layer:

• Responsible for the transparent transfer of data between end systems
• Responsible for end-to-end error recovery and flow control
• Responsible for complete data transfer.
• Protocols like SPX, TCP, UDP work here

Session layer

The Session  layer is also called as the layer 5 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the Session layer:

• Responsible for establishment, management and termination of connections between applications.
• The session layer sets up, coordinates, and terminates conversations, exchanges, and dialogues between the applications at each end.
• It deals with session and connection coordination.
• Protocols like NFS, NetBios names, RPC, SQL work at this layer.

Presentation layer

The Presentation layer is also called as the layer 6 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the presentation layer:

• Responsible for data representation on your screen
• Encryption and decryption of the data
• Data semantics and syntax
• Layer 6 Presentation examples include encryption, ASCII, EBCDIC, TIFF, GIF, PICT, JPEG, MPEG, MIDI.

Application Layer

The Application layer is also called as the layer 7 of the OSI model. Here are the basic functionalities of the Application layer:

• Application layer supports application, apps, and end-user processes.
• Quality of service
• This layer is responsible for application services for file transfers, e-mail, and other network software services.
• Protocols like Telnet, FTP, HTTP work on this layer.

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What does the O in DORA stand for?

What does the O in DORA stand for?

• Operating
• Oracle
• Octet
• Offer

 EXPLANATION

DORA stands for discover , offer , request and acknowledgement

when we install a dhcp server into our network then dhcp server works on the basis of dora process

first dhcp server sends a hello message in to the network to discover the clients pc and when any client pc found in the network then , dhcp server offers the IP to client pc. When client pc select  any IP from dhcp server then client pc request for selected IP to dhcp server then dhcp server provide that IP to client pc and both send ackonledgement to each other.

This process is called DORA process on the basis of this process DHCP server works to provide IP's dynamically to client pc's in network 

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Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a command-line tool that lets you communicate with a device. What are its components?

Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a command-line tool that lets you communicate with a device. What are its components?

• A client, a server, and the cloud
• A client, a server, and a daemon
• A server
• A client and a server 

EXPLANATION

Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a versatile command-line tool that lets you communicate with a device. The adb command facilitates a variety of device actions, such as installing and debugging apps, and it provides access to a Unix shell that you can use to run a variety of commands on a device. It is a client-server program that includes three components:

• A client, which sends commands. The client runs on your development machine. You can invoke a client from a command-line terminal by issuing an adb command.
• A daemon (adbd), which runs commands on a device. The daemon runs as a background process on each device.
• A server, which manages communication between the client and the daemon. The server runs as a background process on your development machine.

SOURCE

https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb.html

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What does "IT" stand for?

What does "IT" stand for?

• Information Technology
• Internet Technology
• Inbox Troubleshooter
• Intercommunication Technologies 

EXPLANATION

Information technology is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered to be a subset of information and communications technology.

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What is an example of a Class B private network address?

What is an example of a Class B private network address?

• 172.32.14.8
• 192.168.17.8
• 172.17.0.5
• 127.0.0.1 

EXPLANATION

Private Range
16 Networks dedicated for internal usage.

172.16.0.0 with Broadcast 172.16.255.255

Up to last network…

172.31.0.0 with Broadcast 172.31.255.255

Example of Class B Private Usable IP Address Range

172.16.0.1 up to 172.16.255.254

Up to the last Network’s IP Address range…

172.31.0.1 up to 172.31.255.254

Note: Some people might believe that any IP Address that start with 172 is a Private IP address, that’s Not True. The 172.16.x.x up to 172.31.x.x are ONLY the private Range in Classful B Network.

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