Of course, other viruses on other platforms predated the Brain virus. The
Elk Cloner virus for the Apple II
appeared five years earlier, in 1981. It was also a floppy disk boot
sector virus, which infected Apple DOS 3.3. And ten years before that,
in 1971, the Creeper virus made its way through the ARPANET to infect
DEC PDP-10 mainframe computers running the TENEX operating system. There
are other examples as well, but these are considered “firsts.”
Recorded
experimental work in academia with self-replicating programs dates as
far back as 1949. Most of the academic efforts were never released into
the wild.
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