Which CODEC is directly related to (P)redictive frames and (I)ntra frames?

Which CODEC is directly related to (P)redictive frames and (I)ntra frames?

• RTSP
• MJPEG
• NTSC
• H.264 

EXPLANATION

compression method used by the MPEG standard. In a motion sequence, individual frames of pictures are grouped together (called a group of pictures, or GOP) and played back so that the viewer registers the video��s spatial motion. P-frames follow I-frames and contain only the data that have changed from the preceding I-frame (such as color or content changes). Because of this, P-frames depend on the I-frames to fill in most of the data.
P-frames and B-frames are also referred to as delta frames.
Also see I-frame and B-frame.
 

MPEG4 is going to be more space-efficient, but given enough space MJPEG will look just as good. The important difference is that editing MJPEG is easier because every frame is a keyframe, so you can cut and paste at any point. Editing MPEG4 is more difficult because of the alpha frames (the "difference" frames that come between keyframes). If your friend is just recording the video to watch later without doing anything to it, then she should just record to MPEG4. If this for home movies that she'll be messing with, then MJPEG.

Typically, pictures (frames) are segmented into macroblocks, and individual prediction types can be selected on a macroblock basis rather than being the same for the entire picture, as follows:

• I-frames can contain only intra macroblocks
• P-frames can contain either intra macroblocks or predicted macroblocks
• B-frames can contain intra, predicted, or bi-predicted macroblocks

Furthermore, in the H.264 video coding standard, the frame can be segmented into sequences of macroblocks called slices, and instead of using I, B and P-frame type selections, the encoder can choose the prediction style distinctly on each individual slice. Also in H.264 are found several additional types of frames/slices:

• SI‑frames/slices (Switching I): Facilitates switching between coded streams; contains SI-macroblocks (a special type of intra coded macroblock).
• SP‑frames/slices (Switching P): Facilitates switching between coded streams; contains P and/or I-macroblocks
• Multi‑frame motion estimation (up to 16 reference frames or 32 reference fields)

Multi‑frame motion estimation increases the quality of the video, while allowing the same compression ratio. SI and SP frames (defined for the Extended Profile) improve error correction. When such frames are used along with a smart decoder, it is possible to recover the broadcast streams of damaged DVDs.

Intra-frame coding is used in video coding (compression). It is part of an intra-frame codec like ... It is one of the two classes of predictive coding methods in video coding. ... The temporally coded predicted frames (e.g. MPEG's P- and B-frames) may use intra- as ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Intra-frame coding.

 

Usually only few of the spatially closest known samples are used for the extrapolation. Formats that operate sample by sample like Portable Network Graphics (PNG) can usually use one of four adjacent pixels (above, above left, above right, left) or some function of them like e.g. their average. Block-based (frequency transform) formats prefill whole blocks with prediction values extrapolated from usually one or two straight lines of pixels that run along their top and left borders.


The term intra-frame coding refers to the fact that the various lossless and lossy compression techniques are performed relative to information that is contained only within the current frame, and not relative to any other frame in the video sequence. In other words, no temporal processing is performed outside of the current picture or frame. Non-intra coding techniques are extensions to these basics. It turns out that this block diagram is very similar to that of a JPEG still image video encoder, with only slight implementation detail differences.

Inter frame has been specified by the CCITT in 1988–1990 by H.261 for the first time. H.261 was meant for teleconferencing and ISDN telephoning.