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Windows Server 2012 x64
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Windows Server 2016 x64
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Windows Server 2016 Core
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Windows Server 2012 R2 x64
EXPLANATION
We don't support the installation of Exchange 2016 on a
computer that's running Windows Server Core or Nano Server. The Windows
Server Desktop Experience feature needs to be installed. To install
Exchange 2016, you need to do one of the following to install the
Desktop Experience on Windows Server prior to starting Exchange 2016
Setup:
Windows Server 2012 and Windows Server 2012 R2: Run the following command in Windows PowerShell
Install-WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra, Server-Gui-Shell -Restart
Windows Server 2016: Install Windows Server 2016 and choose the
Desktop Experience installation option. If a computer is running
Windows Server 2016 Core mode and you want to install Exchange 2016 on
it, you'll need to reinstall the operating system and choose the Desktop
Experience installation option.
SOURCE
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/plan-and-deploy/system-requirements?view=exchserver-2016